Andriotis, A., Gavaises, M., and Arcoumanis, C., 2008, “Vortex Flow and Cavitation in Diesel Injector Nozzles,” J. Fluid Mech., 610, pp. 195–215.
[CrossRef]Payri, F., Bermudez, V., Payri, R., and Salvador, F. J., 2004, “The Influence of Cavitation on the Internal Flow and the Spray Characteristics in Diesel Injection Nozzles,” Fuel, 83, pp. 419–431.
[CrossRef]Som, S., El-Hannouny, E. M., Longman, D. E., and Aggarwal, S. K., 2010, “Investigation of Nozzle Flow and Cavitation Characteristics in a Diesel Injector,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 132(4), p. 042802.
[CrossRef]Som, S., Ramirez, A. I., Longman, D. E., and Aggarwal, S. K., 2011, “Effect of Nozzle Orifice Geometry on Spray, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics Under Diesel Engine Conditions,” Fuel, 90, pp. 1267–1276.
[CrossRef]Battistoni, M., and Grimaldi, C. N., 2012, “Numerical Analysis of Injector Flow and Spray Characteristics From Diesel Injectors Using Fossil and Biodiesel Fuels,” Appl. Energy, 97, pp. 656–666.
[CrossRef]Befrui, B., Corbinelli, G., Hoffmann, G., Andrews, R. J., and Sankhalpara, S. R., 2009 “Cavitation and Hydraulic Flip in the Outward-Opening GDi Injector Valve-Group,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2009-01-1483.
[CrossRef]Battistoni, M., and Grimaldi, C. N., 2010, “Analysis of Transient Cavitating Flows in Diesel Injectors Using Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr., 3(2), pp. 879–900.
[CrossRef]Battistoni, M., Grimaldi, C. N., and Mariani, F., 2012, “Coupled Simulation of Nozzle Flow and Spray Formation Using Diesel and Biodiesel for CI Engine Applications,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2012-01-1267.
[CrossRef]Arcoumanis, C., Gavaises, M., Flora, H., and Roth, H., 2001, “Visualisation of Cavitation in Diesel Engine Injectors,” Mec. Ind., 2, pp. 375–381.
Hayashi, T., Suzuki, M., and Ikemoto, M., 2012, “Visualization of Internal Flow and Spray Formation With Real Size Diesel Nozzle,” 12th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, ICLASS 2012, Heidelberg, Germany, September 2–6, Contribution No. 1375.
Payri, R., Salvador, F. J., Gimeno, J., and Venegas, O., 2013, “Study of Cavitation Phenomenon Using Different Fuels in a Transparent Nozzle by Hydraulic Characterization and Visualization,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 44, pp. 235–244.
[CrossRef]Duke, D., Kastengren, A., Tilocco, F. Z., and Powell, C., 2013, “Synchrotron X-Ray Measurements of Cavitation,” 25th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, ILASS-Americas, Pittsburgh, PA, May 5–8, Paper No. 8.
Bauer, D., Chaves, H., and Arcoumanis, C., 2012, “Measurements of Void Fraction Distribution in Cavitating Pipe Flow Using X-Ray CT,” Meas. Sci. Technol., 23, 055302.
[CrossRef]Kastengren, A. L., Tilocco, F. Z., Powell, C. F., Manin, J., Pickett, L. M., Payri, R., and Bazyn, T., 2012, “Engine Combustion Network (ECN): Measurements of Nozzle Geometry and Hydraulic Behavior,” Atom. Sprays, 22(12), pp. 1011–1052.
[CrossRef]Kastengren, A., Powell, C. F., Liu, Z., Fezzaa, K., and Wang, J., 2009, “High-Speed X-Ray Imaging of Diesel Injector Needle Motion,” ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, Milwaukee, WI, May 3–6, ASME Paper No. ICES2009-76032.
[CrossRef]Schmidt, D. P., and Corradini, M. L., 2001, “The Internal Flow of Diesel Fuel Injector Nozzles: A Review,” Int. J. Eng. Res., 2(1), pp. 1–22.
[CrossRef]Giannadakis, E., 2005, “Modelling of Cavitation in Automotive Fuel Injector Nozzles,” Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College, London.
Marcer, R., Le Cottier, P., Chaves, H., Argueyrolles, B., Habchi, C., and Barbeau, H., 2000, “A Validated Numerical Simulation of Diesel Injector Flow Using a VOF Method,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2000-01-2932.
[CrossRef]Alajbegovic, A., 1999, “Three-Dimensional Cavitation Calculations in Nozzles,” Second Annual Meeting of the Institute for Multifluid Science and Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, March 14–18, pp. 97–103.
Von Berg, E., Alajbegovic, A., Tatschl, R., Krüger, C., and Michels, U., 2001, “Multiphase Modeling of Diesel Sprays With the Eulerian/Eulerian Approach,” ILASS-Europe, Zurich, Switzerland, September 2–6.
Giannadakis, E., Gavaises, M., and Arcoumanis, C., 2008, “Modeling of Cavitation in Diesel Injector Nozzles,” J. Fluid Mech., 616, pp. 153–193.
[CrossRef]Giannadakis, E., Papoulias, D., Gavaises, M., Arcoumanis, C., Soteriou, C., and Tang, W., 2007, “Evaluation of the Predictive Capability of Diesel Nozzle Cavitation Models,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-01-0245.
[CrossRef]Schmidt, D. P., Gopalakrishnan, S., and Jasak, H., 2010, “Multi-Dimensional Simulation of Thermal Non-Equilibrium Channel Flow,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 36, pp. 284–292.
[CrossRef]Avva, R. K., Singhal, A., and Gibson, D. H., 1995, “An Enthalpy Based Model of Cavitation,” Proceedings of the ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering and Laser Anemometry Conference, Hilton Head, SC, August 13–18, Vol. 226, pp. 63–70.
Wallis, G. B., 1969, One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Winklhofer, E., Kull, E., Kelz, E., and Morozov, A., 2001, “Comprehensive Hydraulic and Flow Field Documentation in Model Throttle Experiments Under Cavitation Conditions,” ILASS-Europe, Zurich, Switzerland, September 2–6.
Richards, K. J., Senecal, P. K., and Pomraning, E., 2013, CONVERGE 2.1.0 Theory Manual, Convergent Science, Inc., Middleton, WI.
Senecal, P. K., Richards, K. J., Pomraning, E., Yang, T., Dai, M. Z., McDavid, R. M., Patterson, M. A., Hou, S., and Shethaji, T., 2007, “A New Parallel Cut-Cell Cartesian CFD Code for Rapid Grid Generation Applied to In-Cylinder Diesel Engine Simulations,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-01-0159.
[CrossRef]Zhao, H., Quan, S., Dai, M., Pomraning, E., Senecal, E., Xue, Q., Battistoni, M., and Som, S., 2013, “Validation of a Three-Dimensional Internal Nozzle Flow Model Including Automatic Mesh Generation and Cavitation Effects,” ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, Dearborn, MI, October 13–16, ASME Paper No. ICEF2013-19167.
Bilicki, Z., and Kestin, J., 1990, “Physical Aspects of the Relaxation Model in Two-Phase Flow,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A., 428, pp. 379–397.
[CrossRef]Plesset, M. S., and Prosperetti, A., 1977, “Bubble Dynamics and Cavitation,” Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 9, pp. 145–185.
[CrossRef]Downar-Zapolski, P., Bilicki, Z., Bolle, L., and Franco, J., 1996, “The Non-Equilibrium Relaxation Model for One-Dimensional Flashing Liquid Flow,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 22(3), pp. 473–483.
[CrossRef]Drew, D. A., and Passman, S. L., 1999, Theory of Multicomponent Fluids, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Kocamustafaogullari, G., and Ishii, M., 1995, “Foundation of the Interfacial Area Transport Equation and Its Closure Relations,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 38(3), pp. 481–493.
[CrossRef]Ishii, M., Sun, X., and Kim, S., 2003, “Modeling Strategy of the Source and Sink Terms in the Two-Group Interfacial Area Transport Equation,” Ann. Nucl. Energy, 30(13), pp. 1309–1331.
[CrossRef]Wang, D. M., and Greif, D., 2006, “Progress in Modeling Injector Cavitating Flows With a Multi-Fluid Method,” ASME Paper No. FEDSM2006-98501.
[CrossRef]Avl List GmbH, 2011 “AVL Fire v. 2011—Eulerian Multiphase,” Graz, Austria.
Lord Rayleigh, 1917 “VIII. On the Pressure Developed in a Liquid During the Collapse of a Spherical Cavity,” Philos. Mag., 34, pp. 94–98.
[CrossRef]Plesset, M. S., 1949 “The Dynamics of Cavitation Bubbles,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., 16, pp. 277–282.
Hinze, J. O., 1975, Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Sato, Y., and Sekoguchi, K., 1975, “Liquid Velocity Distribution in Two-Phase Bubble Flow,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 2(1), pp. 79–95.
[CrossRef]Perry, R. H., and Green, D. W., 1997, Perry’s Chemicals Engineers’ Handbook, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.