Theoretical analysis is performed for the sound radiation of a cylindrical power transformer composed of piezoelectric transducers with radial polarization. The transformer is driven in thickness-stretch mode, and an exact solution is obtained for the sound pressure and sound power level in the surrounding fluid. Representative examples are used to illustrate the sound field induced by the operation of the transformer. Numerical results indicate that the electrical impedance and the thickness ratio of actuator/sensor to metal core have considerable effects on sound radiation of the cylindrical power transformer.

References

1.
Mokry
,
P.
,
Fukada
,
E.
, and
Yamamoto
,
K.
,
2003
, “
Noise Shielding System Utilizing a Thin Piezoelectric Membrane and Elasticity Control
,”
J. Appl. Phys.
,
94
(
1
), pp.
789
796
.10.1063/1.1583152
2.
Oishi
,
T.
,
Aronov
,
B.
, and
Brown
,
D. A.
,
2007
, “
Broadband Multimode Baffled Piezoelectric Cylindrical Shell Transducers
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
,
121
(
6
), pp.
3465
3471
.10.1121/1.2722053
3.
Ferrari
,
M.
,
Ferrari
,
V.
,
Guizzetti
,
M.
,
Marioli
,
D.
, and
Taroni
,
A.
,
2008
, “
Piezoelectric Multifrequency Energy Converter for Power Harvesting in Autonomous Microsystems
,”
Sens. Actuators, A
,
142
(
1
), pp.
329
335
.10.1016/j.sna.2007.07.004
4.
Kim
,
H.
,
Brockhaus
,
A.
, and
Engemann
,
J.
,
2009
, “
Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma Jet Using a Cylindrical Piezoelectric Transformer
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
,
95
(
21
), p.
211501
.10.1063/1.3267142
5.
Paltauf
,
G.
,
Nuster
,
R.
, and
Burgholzer
,
P.
,
2009
, “
Characterization of Integrating Ultrasound Detectors for Photoacoustic Tomography
,”
J. Appl. Phys.
,
105
(
10
), p.
102026
.10.1063/1.3116133
6.
Zhang
,
C. L.
,
Yang
,
J. S.
, and
Chen
,
W. Q.
,
2010
, “
Low-Frequency Magnetic Energy Harvest Using Multiferroic Composite Plates
,”
Phys. Lett. A
,
374
(
24
), pp.
2406
2409
.10.1016/j.physleta.2010.04.019
7.
Bao
,
X. Q.
,
Biederman
,
W.
,
Sherrit
,
S.
,
Badescu
,
M.
,
Bar-Cohen
,
Y.
,
Jones
,
C.
,
Aldrich
,
J.
, and
Chang
,
Z. S.
,
2008
, “
High-Power Piezoelectric Acoustic-Electric Power Feedthru for Metal Walls
,”
SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 6930: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies 2008
,
L. P.
Davis
,
B. K.
Henderson
, and
M. B.
McMickell
, eds., SPIE, Bellingham, WA.
8.
Hu
,
H. P.
,
Hu
,
Y. T.
, and
Chen
,
C. Y.
,
2008
, “
Wireless Energy Transmission Through a Thin Metal Wall by Shear Wave Using Two Piezoelectric Transducers
,” Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (
IUS 2008
), Beijing, November 2–5, pp.
2165
2168
.10.1109/ULTSYM.2008.0536
9.
Lu
,
C. F.
,
Yang
,
J. S.
,
Wang
,
J.
, and
Chen
,
W. Q.
,
2009
, “
Power Transmission Through a Hollow Cylinder by Acoustic Waves and Piezoelectric Transducers With Radial Polarization
,”
J. Sound Vib.
,
325
(
4–5
), pp.
989
999
.10.1016/j.jsv.2009.04.002
10.
Lawry
,
T. J.
,
Saulnier
,
G. J.
,
Ashdown
,
J. D.
,
Wilt
,
K. R.
,
Scarton
,
H. A.
,
Pascarelle
,
S.
, and
Pinezich
,
J. D.
,
2011
, “
Penetration-Free System for Transmission of Data and Power Through Solid Metal Barriers
,”
Proceedings of the Military Communications Conference
(
MILCOM 2011
), Baltimore, MD, November 7–10.10.1109/MILCOM.2011.6127699
11.
Chen
,
W. Q.
,
Bian
,
Z. G.
,
Lv
,
C. F.
, and
Ding
,
H. J.
,
2004
, “
3D Free Vibration Analysis of a Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Hollow Cylinder Filled With Compressible Fluid
,”
Int. J. Solids Struct.
,
41
(
3–4
), pp.
947
964
.10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.09.036
12.
Yas
,
M. H.
, and
Garmsiri
,
K.
,
2010
, “
Three-Dimensional Free Vibration Analysis of Cylindrical Shells With Continuous Grading Reinforcement
,”
Steel Compos. Struct.
,
10
(
4
), pp.
349
360
.10.1007/BF03215843
13.
Alibeigloo
,
A.
,
Kani
,
A. M.
, and
Pashaei
,
M. H.
,
2012
, “
Elasticity Solution for the Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shell Bonded to Thin Piezoelectric Layers
,”
Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping
,
89
, pp.
98
111
.10.1016/j.ijpvp.2011.10.020
14.
Liew
,
K. M.
,
He
,
X. Q.
,
Ng
,
T. Y.
, and
Kitipornchai
,
S.
,
2002
, “
Active Control of FGM Shells Subjected to a Temperature Gradient Via Piezoelectric Sensor/Actuator Patches
,”
Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.
,
55
(
6
), pp.
653
668
.10.1002/nme.519
15.
Nanda
,
N.
, and
Nath
,
Y.
,
2012
, “
Active Control of Delaminated Composite Shells With Piezoelectric Sensor/Actuator Patches
,”
Struct. Eng. Mech.
,
42
(
2
), pp.
211
228
.
16.
van Hulzen
,
J. R.
,
Schitter
,
G.
,
Van den Hof
,
P. M. J.
, and
van Eijk
,
J.
,
2012
, “
Dynamics, Load Balancing, and Modal Control of Piezoelectric Tube Actuators
,”
Mechatronics
,
22
(
3
), pp.
282
294
.10.1016/j.mechatronics.2011.10.003
17.
Ootao
,
Y.
,
2009
, “
Transient Thermoelastic and Piezothermoelastic Problems of Functionally Graded Materials
,”
J. Therm. Stresses
,
32
(
6–7
), pp.
656
697
.10.1080/01495730902850918
18.
Wang
,
H. M.
,
Liu
,
C. B.
, and
Ding
,
H. J.
,
2009
, “
Exact Solution and Transient Behavior for Torsional Vibration of Functionally Graded Finite Hollow Cylinders
,”
Acta Mech. Sin.
,
25
(
4
), pp.
555
563
.10.1007/s10409-009-0251-9
19.
Kapuria
,
S.
,
Kumari
,
P.
, and
Nath
,
J. K.
,
2010
, “
Efficient Modeling of Smart Piezoelectric Composite Laminates: A Review
,”
Acta Mech.
,
214
(
1–2
), pp.
31
48
.10.1007/s00707-010-0310-0
20.
Qatu
,
M. S.
,
Sullivan
,
R. W.
, and
Wang
,
W. C.
,
2010
, “
Recent Research Advances on the Dynamic Analysis of Composite Shells: 2000–2009
,”
Compos. Struct.
,
93
(
1
), pp.
14
31
.10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.05.014
21.
Bernardini
,
G.
,
Testa
,
C.
, and
Gennaretti
,
M.
,
2012
, “
Optimal Design of Tonal Noise Control Inside Smart-Stiffened Cylindrical Shells
,”
J. Vib. Control
,
18
(
8
), pp.
1233
1246
.10.1177/1077546311421516
22.
Cao
,
Y.
,
Sun
,
H. L.
,
An
,
F. Y.
, and
Li
,
X. D.
,
2012
, “
Active Control of Low-Frequency Sound Radiation by Cylindrical Shell With Piezoelectric Stack Force Actuators
,”
J. Sound Vib.
,
331
(
11
), pp.
2471
2484
.10.1016/j.jsv.2012.02.001
23.
Aronov
,
B.
,
Brown
,
D. A.
,
Bachand
,
C. L.
, and
Yan
,
X.
,
2012
, “
Analysis of Unidirectional Broadband Piezoelectric Spherical Shell Transducers for Underwater Acoustics
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
,
131
(
3
), pp.
2079
2090
.10.1121/1.3675961
24.
Ding
,
H. J.
, and
Chen
,
W. Q.
,
2001
,
Three Dimensional Problems of Piezoelectricity
,
Nova Science Publishers
,
New York
.
25.
Gradshteyn
,
I. S.
, and
Ryzhik
,
I. M.
,
2007
,
Table of Integrals, Series, and Products
, 7th ed.,
Academic
,
New York
.
26.
Ezzat
,
M. A.
,
2008
, “
State Space Approach to Solids and Fluids
,”
Can. J. Phys.
,
86
(
11
), pp.
1241
1250
.10.1139/P08-069
27.
Morse
,
P. M.
,
1981
,
Vibration and Sound
, 2nd ed.,
McGraw-Hill
,
New York
.
28.
Hellweg
,
K. H.
,
1979
,
Landolt-Bornstein: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology
,
Springer-Verlag
,
New York
.
29.
Ramirez
,
F.
,
Heyliger
,
P. R.
, and
Pan
,
E.
,
2006
, “
Free Vibration Response of Two-Dimensional Magneto-Electro-Elastic Laminated Plates
,”
J. Sound Vib.
,
292
(
3–5
), pp.
626
644
.10.1016/j.jsv.2005.08.004
30.
Jiang
,
S. N.
,
Li
,
X. F.
,
Guo
,
S. H.
,
Hu
,
Y. T.
,
Yang
,
J. S.
, and
Jiang
,
Q.
,
2005
, “
Performance of a Piezoelectric Bimorph for Scavenging Vibration Energy
,”
Smart Mater. Struct.
,
14
(
4
), pp.
769
774
.10.1088/0964-1726/14/4/036
31.
Bian
,
Z. G.
,
Lim
,
C. W.
, and
Chen
,
W. Q.
,
2006
, “
On Functionally Graded Beams With Integrated Surface Piezoelectric Layers
,”
Compos. Struct.
,
72
(
3
), pp.
339
351
.10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.01.005
You do not currently have access to this content.