... plastic deformations, respectively, at the concave and at the convex sides of the rod. The purpose of this study is to develop a validated numerical framework capable of predicting how the fatigue behavior of contoured spinal rods is affected by residual stresses when loaded in lordotic and kyphotic...

.... Our analysis demonstrated decreased dynamic modulus and increased hysteresis and cross-sectional area in male tendons. We found that male tendons exhibited decreased dynamic modulus (during low strain frequency sweep and high strain fatigue loading), increased hysteresis, and increased cross-sectional...

... 29, 2013; published online September 13, 2013. Assoc. Editor: Jeffrey W. Holmes. 31 12 2012 27 06 2013 03 07 2013 Rupture of atheromatous plaque is the major cause of stroke or heart attack. Considering that the cardiovascular system is a classic fatigue environment, plaque...

... ligaments to cyclic (fatigue) and static (creep) loading. A gap injury was created in the midsubstance of both hindlimb medial collateral ligaments of 40 female 1-year-old New Zealand White rabbits. After a 14-week healing interval, medial collateral ligament gap scars were exposed to long-term fatigue...

... for real-time monitoring of microdamage formation during fatigue of bone, in vivo or in vitro. Acoustic emission (AE) based detection of stress waves resulting from microdamage formation is a promising method to assess the rate and energetics of microdamage formation during fatigue. The current study aims...

...David B. Segala; Deanna H. Gates; Jonathan B. Dingwell; David Chelidze Tracking or predicting physiological fatigue is important for developing more robust training protocols and better energy supplements and/or reducing muscle injuries. Current methodologies are usually impractical and/or invasive...

...., fatigue studies) are lacking. The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to demonstrate that damage does accumulate in ligament tissue subjected to repetitive loading and (b) to evaluate existing and new methods for characterizing fatigue damage accumulation. It was hypothesized that ligaments would...

...Dalong Li; Anne M. Robertson Early stage cerebral aneurysms are characterized by the disruption of the internal elastic lamina. The cause of this breakdown is still not understood, but it has been conjectured to be due to fatigue failure and/or by a breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms in the wall...

...Oliver J. Coultrup; Martin Browne; Christopher Hunt; Mark Taylor Previous attempts by researchers to predict the fatigue behavior of bone cement have been capable of predicting the location of final failure in complex geometries but incapable of predicting cement fatigue life to the right order...

..., despite considerable evidence of late aseptic loosening as one of the most significant failure mechanisms in this type of replacements. An in vitro study of fatigue behavior in cemented acetabular replacements has been carried out, utilizing a newly developed hip simulator. The machine was designed...

... ( ∼ 4.6 min ) or cyclic ( ∼ 18.5 min ) mechanical loading at the attained strain levels (4–5%) without significantly altering their mechanical properties regardless of age. This implies that as the muscle becomes unable to generate the required force due to fatigue, the loading of the tendon is terminated...

... implants and biomaterials. A major issue with these models is that the current third-generation epoxy–short fiberglass based composite used as the cortical bone substitute is prone to crack formation and failure in fatigue or repeated quasistatic loading of the model. The purpose of the present study...

...Mark A. Nicosia It has been hypothesized that repetitive flexural stresses contribute to the fatigue-induced failure of bioprosthetic heart valves. Although experimental apparatuses capable of measuring the bending properties of biomaterials have been described, a theoretical framework to analyze...

...Jonathan R. T. Jeffers; Martin Browne; Anne Roques; Mark Taylor Fatigue cracking in the cement mantle of total hip replacement has been identified as a possible cause of implant loosening. Retrieval studies and in vitro tests have found porosity in the cement may facilitate fatigue cracking...

...A. F. Ali; M. M. Reda Taha; G. M. Thornton; N. G. Shrive; C. B. Frank In normal daily activities, ligaments are subjected to repeated loads, and respond to this environment with creep and fatigue. While progressive recruitment of the collagen fibers is responsible for the toe region of the ligament...

...Samer M. Adeeb; Michelle L. Zec; Gail M. Thornton; Cyril B. Frank; Nigel G. Shrive Background: Experiments on the fatigue of tendons have shown that cyclic loading induces failure at stresses lower than the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the tendons. The number of cycles to failure N f has been...

...John R. Cotton; Keith Winwood; Peter Zioupos; Mark Taylor We present results on the growth of damage in 29 fatigue tests of human femoral cortical bone from four individuals, aged 53–79. In these tests we examine the interdependency of stress, cycles to failure, rate of creep strain, and rate...

...P. Ganguly; T. L. A. Moore; L. J. Gibson Cyclic loading of bone during daily activities can lead to fatigue degradation and increased risk of fracture in both the young and elderly population. Damage processes under cyclic loading in trabecular bone result in the reduction of the elastic modulus...

...Tara L. A. Moore; Lorna J. Gibson Fatigue loading of bone, from the activities of daily living in the elderly, or from prolonged exercise in the young, can lead to increased risk of fracture. Elderly patients with osteoporosis are particularly prone to fragility fractures of the vertebrae, where...

...A. M. Makiyama; S. Vajjhala; L. J. Gibson Both creep and crack growth contribute to the reduction in modulus associated with fatigue loading in bone. Here we simulate crack growth and subsequent strut failure in fatigue in an open-cell, three-dimensional Voronoi structure which is similar...