Presented in this paper is a feedforward controller identification process for the transient fueling control of spark ignition (SI) engines. The objective of an SI fueling control system is to guarantee a prespecified air–fuel (A/F) ratio, despite changing driver demands commanded through the throttle. The controller identification process is based on standard system identification tools and is comprised of three steps. The first step involves the design and implementation of a repetitive feedback controller. Next, the engine is subjected to a prespecified periodic throttle motion for which the repetitive controller achieves precise A/F control as t→∞. Finally, using the engine speed, the mass air flow, and the fuel pulsewidth information during precise fueling conditions, the feedforward fueling controller is identified using standard parametric system identification tools. This identification process can be performed during engine warm-up, thereby enabling a rapid determination of the fueling requirements as a function of temperature. Experimental validation is provided on a 1999 Ford 4.6L V-8 fuel injected engine with sequential port injection.

Keywords:
internal combustion engines, fuel systems, fuel optimal control, parameter estimation, closed loop systems, feedforward, feedback, control system synthesis, flow control
Topics:
Control equipment, Engines, Feedforward control, Fuels, Transients (Dynamics), Temperature, Feedback
1.
Aquino, C. F., 1981, “Transient A/F Characteristics of the 5 Liter Central Fuel Injection Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 810494.
2.
Hendricks, E., and Sorensen, S. C., 1991, “SI Engine Controls and Mean Value Engine Modeling,” SAE Technical Paper No. 910258.
3.
Hendricks, E., Jensen, M., Kaidantzis, P., Rasmussen, P., and Vesterholm, T., 1993, “Transient A/F Ratio Errors in Conventional SI Engine Controllers,” SAE Technical Paper No. 930856.
4.
Turin, R. C., and Geering, H. P., 1993, “On-Line Identification of Air-to-Fuel Ratio Dynamics in a Sequentially Injected SI Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 930857.
5.
Onder, C. H., Roduner, C. A., and Geering, H. P., 1997, “Model Identification for the A/F Path of an SI Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 970612.
6.
Shafai, E., Roduner, C. A., and Geering, H. P., 1997, “On-Line Identification of the Time Delay in the Fuel Path of an SI Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 970613.
7.
Chang
,
C.-F.
,
Fekete
,
N. P.
,
Amstutz
,
A.
, and
Powell
,
J. D.
,
1995
, “
Air–Fuel Ratio Control in Spark-Ignition Engines Using Estimation Theory
,”
IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
,
3
, pp.
22
–
31
.
8.
Takahashi, S., and Sekozawa, T., 1995, “Air–Fuel Ratio Control in Gasoline Engines Based on State Estimation and Prediction Using Dynamic Models,” Proceedings-of the 1995 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, Orlando, FL, pp. 217–222.
9.
Jensen, P. B., Olsen, M. B., Poulsen, J., Hendricks, E., Fons, M., and Jepsen, C., 1997, “A New Family of Nonlinear Observers for SI Engine Air/Fuel Ratio Control,” SAE Technical Paper No. 970615.
10.
Powell
,
J. D.
,
Fekete
,
N. P.
, and
Chang
,
C.-F.
,
1998
, “
Observer-Based Air–Fuel Ratio Control
,”
IEEE Control Syst. Mag.
,
18
, pp.
72
–
81
.
11.
Kim
,
Y.-W.
,
Rizzoni
,
G.
, and
Utkin
,
V.
,
1998
, “
Automotive Engine Diagnosis and Control Via Nonlinear Estimators
,”
IEEE Control Syst. Mag.
,
18
, pp.
84
–
99
.
12.
Arsie, I., Pianese, C., and Rizzo, G., 1999, “A Non Linear Observer for Fuel Film Dynamics in the Intake Manifold of a Spark Ignition Engine,” Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Altanta, GA, pp. 251–256.
13.
Chevalier, A., Vigild, C. W., and Hendricks, E., 2000, “Predicting the Port Air Mass of SI Engines in Air/Fuel Ratio Control Applications,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2000-01-0260.
14.
Turin, R. C., and Geering, H. P., 1994, “Model-Based Adaptive Fuel Control in an SI Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 940374.
15.
Choi, S.-B., Won M., and Hedrick, J. K., 1994, “Fuel Injection Control of S.I. Engines,” Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Lake Buena Vista, FL, Vol. 2, pp. 1609–1614.
16.
Moraal, P. E., 1995, “Adaptive Compensation of Fuel Dynamics in an SI Engine Using a Switching EGO Sensor,” Proceedings of the 34th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, New Orleans, LA, Vol. 1, pp. 661–666.
17.
Jones
,
V. K.
,
Ault
,
B. A.
,
Franklin
,
G. F.
, and
Powell
,
J. D.
,
1995
, “
Identification and Air–Fuel Ratio Control of a Spark Ignition Engine
,”
IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
,
3
, pp.
14
–
21
.
18.
Li, X., and Yurkovich, S., 1999, “I–C Engine Air/Fuel Ratio Prediction and Control Using Discrete-Time Nonlinear Adaptive Techniques,” Proceedings of the American Control Conference, San Diego, CA, Vol. 1, pp. 212–216.
19.
Shiriashi
,
H.
,
Ipri
,
S. L.
, and
Cho
,
D.-I.
,
1995
, “
CMAC Neural Network Controller for Fuel-Injection Systems
,”
IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
,
3
, pp.
32
–
38
.
20.
Lenz, U., and Schroeder, D., 1997, “Transient Air–Fuel Ratio Control Using Artificial Intelligence,” SAE Technical Paper No. 970618.
21.
Won
,
M.
,
Choi
,
S. B.
, and
Hedrick
,
J. K.
,
1998
, “
Air-to-Fuel Ratio Control of Spark Ignition Engines Using Gaussian Network Sliding Control
,”
IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
,
6
, pp.
678
–
687
.
22.
Manzie, C., Palaniswami, M., and Watson, H., 2000, “Model Predictive Control of a Fuel Injection System With a Radial Basis Function Network Observer,” Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Como, Italy, Vol. 4, pp. 359–364.
23.
Gorinevsky, D., Cook, J., Feldkamp, L., and Vukovich, G., 1999, “Predictive Design of Linear Feedback/Feedforward Controller for Automotive VCT Engine,” Proceedings of the American Control Conference, San Diego, CA, Vol. 1, pp. 207–211.
24.
Stroh
,
D. J.
,
Franchek
,
M. A.
, and
Kerns
,
J. M.
,
2001
, “
Fueling Control of Spark Ignition Engines
,”
Veh. Syst. Dyn.
,
36
, pp.
329
–
358
.
25.
Osburn
,
A. W.
, and
Franchek
,
M. A.
2004
, “
Designing Robust Repetitive Controllers
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control.
,
126
.
26.
Tomizuka
,
M.
,
Tsao
,
T. C.
, and
Chew
,
K. K.
,
1989
, “
Analysis and Synthesis of Discrete-Time Repetive Controllers
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
111
, pp.
353
–
358
.
27.
Chin, Y.-K., and Coats, F. E., 1986, “Engine Dynamics: Time-Based Versus Crank-Angle Based,” SAE Technical Paper No. 860412.
28.
Proakis, J. G., and Manolakis, D. G., 1996, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, Third Edition, Prentice–Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
29.
Bendat, J. S., and Piersol, A. G., 1986, Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.
30.
So¨derstro¨m, T., and Stoica, P., 1989, System Identification, Prentice–Hall, New York.
31.
Ljung, L., 1999, System Identification: Theory for the User, 2nd ed., Prentice–Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Copyright © 2004
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.