... in the Arrhenius threshold, an analytical construct used to model the phasing of combustion as a function of the thermodynamic state of the reactant mixture. The relationship between injection timing and combustion phasing can be separated into a linear, analytical component and a nonlinear, empirical component...

..., a modified knock integral model, fuel burn rate model, and thermodynamic models. In addition, semi-empirical correlations are used to predict the gas exchange process, generated work and completeness of combustion. The developed model incorporates the thermal coupling dynamics caused by the residual gases...

... applied in a Stirling cycle compressor. The sinusoidal variations in time constant are tracked properly using the new technique, but the linear Kalman filter fails to do so. Both model validation and thermodynamic laws confirm that the new technique gives unbiased estimates and that the assumed...

... profile serving as the control input function. The closed-form switching condition for the optimal bang-bang control is determined based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The switched control is shown to be a function of the pressure difference between the instantaneous thermodynamic state of the system...

... for off-road vehicles is chosen. A mathematical model representing the system is derived rigorously from inertial dynamics and first principles in thermodynamics. Empirical corelations are also used to include nonlinearities such as friction that cannot be accounted for in the thermodynamic equations...

... by the Dynamic Systems and Control Division February 11, 2000. Associate Technical Editors: E. Misawa and V. Utkin. 11 February 2000 controllability stability convergence thermodynamics variable structure systems nonlinear control systems state-space methods differential equations algebra...