Flowing aviation fuel is used as a coolant in military aircraft. Dissolved O2 reacts with the heated fuel to form undesirable surface deposits which disrupt the normal flow. For purposes of aircraft design, it is important to understand and predict jet fuel oxidation and the resulting surface deposition. Detailed multi-dimensional numerical simulations are useful in understanding interactions between the fluid dynamics and fuel chemistry. Unfortunately, the detailed simulation of an entire fuel system is impractical. One-dimensional and lumped parameter models of fluid dynamics and chemistry can provide the simultaneous simulation of all components which comprise a complex fuel system. In this work, a simplified one-dimensional model of jet fuel oxidation and surface deposition within cylindrical passages is developed. Both global and pseudo-detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms are used to model fuel oxidation, while a global chemistry model alone is used to model surface deposition. Dissolved O2 concentration profiles and surface deposition rates are calculated for nearly isothermal and nonisothermal flow conditions. Flowing experiments are performed using straight-run jet fuels, and the predicted dissolved O2 concentrations and surface deposition rates agree reasonably well with measurements over a wide range of temperature and flow conditions. The new model is computationally inexpensive and represents a practical alternative to detailed multi-dimensional calculations of the flow in cylindrical passages. [S0195-0738(00)01204-8]

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
aircraft, fuel, oxidation, jets, simulation, chemically reactive flow, oxygen
Topics:
Flow (Dynamics), Fuels, Simulation, Temperature, Jet fuels, Engineering simulation, Oxidation, Aircraft
1.
Hazlett, R. N., 1991, Thermal Oxidative Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
2.
Krazinski
,
J. L.
,
Vanka
,
S. P.
,
Pearce
,
J. A.
, and
Roquemore
,
W. M.
,
1992
, “
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Chemistry Model for Jet Fuel Thermal Stability
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
114
, pp.
104
–
110
.
3.
Katta
,
V. R.
, and
Roquemore
,
W. M.
,
1993
, “
Numerical Method for Simulating Fluid Dynamic & Heat Transfer Changes in Jet Engine Injector Feed Arm Due to Fouling
,”
J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer
,
7
, pp.
651
–
660
.
4.
Ervin
,
J. S.
, and
Zabarnick
,
S.
,
1998
, “
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Jet Fuel Oxidation Incorporating Pseudo-Detailed Chemical Kinetics
,”
Energy Fuels
,
12
, pp.
344
–
352
.
5.
Zabarnick
,
S.
, and
Grinstead
,
R.
,
1994
, “
Studies of Jet Fuel Additives Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance & Pressure Monitoring at 140C
,”
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
,
33
, pp.
2771
–
2777
.
6.
Chin, J., Rizk, N., and Razdan, M., 1995, “Engineering Model for Prediction of Deposit Rates in Heate Fuels,” 31st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, San Diego, CA.
7.
Despande, G. V., Michael, A. S., Solomon, P. R., and Malhotra, R., 1989, “Modeling of the Thermal Stability of Aviation Fuels,” 198th ACS National Meeting, Symposium on the Chemical Aspects of Hypersonic Propulsion, Miami FL.
8.
Arpaci, V. S., 1966, Conduction Heat Transfer, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
9.
Katta, V. R., Jones, E. G., and Roquemore, W. M., 1993, “Development of Global Chemistry Model for Jet-Fuel Thermal Stability Based on Observations from Static and Flowing Experiments,” 81st AGARD Symposium on Fuels and Combustion Technology for Advanced Aircraft Engines, AGARD-CP-536, Paper No. PEP-19, Collifero, Italy.
10.
Chamra
,
L. M.
, and
Webb
,
R. L.
,
1993
, “
Effect of Particle Size and Size Distribution on Particulate Fouling in Enhanced Tubes
,”
J. Enhanced Heat Transfer
,
1
, pp.
65
–
75
.
11.
Coordinating Research Council, 1983, Handbook of Aviation Fuel Properties, Atlanta, GA.
12.
Ervin
,
J. S.
,
Williams
,
T. F.
, and
Katta
,
V. R.
,
1996
, “
Global Kinetic Modeling of Aviation Fuel Fouling in Cooled Regions in a Flowing System
,”
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
,
35
, pp.
4028
–
4036
.
13.
Jones
,
E. G.
,
Balster
,
W. J.
, and
Post
,
M. E.
,
1995
, “
Degradation of A Jet Fuel In A Single-Pass Heat Exchanger
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
117
, pp.
125
–
131
.
14.
Zabarnick
,
S.
,
1998
, “
Pseudo-Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Antioxidant Chemistry for Jet Fuel Applications
,”
Energy Fuels
,
12
, pp.
547
–
553
.
15.
Ervin
,
J. S.
, and
Heneghan
,
S. P.
,
1998
, “
The Meaning of Activation Energy and Reaction Order in Autoaccelerating Systems
,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
,
120
, pp.
468
–
476
.
16.
Epstein, N., 1986, Heat Exchanger Sourcebook, J. W. Pale, ed., Hemisphere, Washington DC.
17.
Miller, R. W., 1983, Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
18.
Nixon, A. C., Ackerman, G. H., Faith, L. E., Henderson, H. T., Ritchie, A. W., Ryland, L. B., and Shryne, T. M., 1967, “Vaporizing and Endothermic Fuels for Advanced Engine Application: Part III, Studies of Thermal and Catalytic Reactions, Thermal Stabilities, and Combustion Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels,” AFAPL-TR-67-114, 3, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.
19.
Scott, G., 1963, “Antioxidants,” Chem. Ind., pp. 271–281.
20.
Zabarnick
,
S.
,
1993
, “
Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Jet Fuel Autoxidation and Antioxidant Chemistry
,”
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
,
32
, pp.
1012
–
1017
.
21.
Kakac, S., Shah, R. K., and Aung, W., 1987, Handbook of Single-Phase Convective Heat Transfer, Wiley, New York, NY.
22.
Katta
,
V. R.
,
Blust
,
J.
,
Williams
,
T. F.
, and
Martel
,
C. R.
,
1995
, “
Role of Buoyancy in Fuel-Thermal-Stability Studies
,”
J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer
,
9
, pp.
159
–
168
.
23.
Oliver
,
D. R.
,
1962
, “
The Effect of Natural Convection on Viscous-Flow Heat Transfer in Horizontal Tubes
,”
Chem. Eng. Sci.
,
17
, pp.
335
–
350
.
24.
Sieder
,
E. N.
, and
Tate
,
C. E.
,
1936
, “
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Liquids in Tubes
,”
Ind. Eng. Chem.
,
28
, pp.
1429
–
1435
.
25.
Gnielinski
,
V.
,
1976
, “
New Equations for Heat and Mass Transfer in Turbulent Pipe Channel Flow
,”
Int. Chem. Eng.
,
16
, pp.
359
–
368
.
26.
L. P. Chin, V. R. Katta, and S. P. Heneghan, 1994, “Computer Modeling of Deposits Formed in Jet Fuels,” 207th ACS National Meeting, Symposium on Autooxidation of Distillate Fuels, San Diego, CA.
Copyright © 2000
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.