Anytime flammable gas mixtures are handled, there is a risk of combustion. This is particularly true in many industrial applications where space is limited and equipment is located near sources of ignition. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding of combustion phenomena within process equipment such as mufflers, rotating blowout preventers, liquid traps, and dry gas seal assemblies. These vessels have small internal volumes, complex internal geometries, and are connected using small diameter piping. This paper discusses the results of a parametric study which was carried out to establish the nature of combustion within such vessels and tubing. The test vessel had an internal volume of 7 in3 (115 ml) and the tubing had a nominal diameter of 0.5 in (1.27 mm). Flowing, turbulent, pre-mixed natural gas/air mixtures were used. The study did not attempt to increase turbulence using devices such as mesh screens or attempt to stabilize the flame. The results from a representative sample of 76 tests, from the 5,000+ tests that have been completed, are discussed herein. Typical pressure and temperature responses are presented and analyzed. It is demonstrated that flames can be remotely detected using only high speed pressure data. Turbulent flames were formed whose velocity was found to be linearly dependant on Reynolds number.
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December 2003
Technical Papers
Propagation of Turbulent Natural Gas/Air Flames in Tubing With 90° Bends
Michael D. Morgan,
Michael D. Morgan
University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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S. A. (Raj) Mehta,
S. A. (Raj) Mehta
University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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T. J. Al-Himyary,
T. J. Al-Himyary
University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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R. G. (Gord) Moore
R. G. (Gord) Moore
University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Michael D. Morgan
University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
S. A. (Raj) Mehta
University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
T. J. Al-Himyary
University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
R. G. (Gord) Moore
University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
Contributed by the Fuels and Combustion Technologies Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY. Manuscript received by the FACT Division, Apr. 2002; revised manuscript received May 2003. Associate Editor: C. T. Avedisian.
J. Energy Resour. Technol. Dec 2003, 125(4): 304-310 (7 pages)
Published Online: November 18, 2003
Article history
Received:
April 1, 2002
Revised:
May 1, 2003
Online:
November 18, 2003
Citation
Morgan , M. D., Mehta , S. A. (., Al-Himyary, T. J., and Moore, R. G. (. (November 18, 2003). "Propagation of Turbulent Natural Gas/Air Flames in Tubing With 90° Bends ." ASME. J. Energy Resour. Technol. December 2003; 125(4): 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1619431
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