... this purpose, a CFD model of the cell is used. The model includes energy equation, fluid dynamics in the channels and in porous media, current transfer, chemical reactions, and electrochemistry. The geometrical parameters of the fuel cell are modified to minimize the overall entropy generation. Entropy...

... 73790. 03 09 2004 17 03 2005 oil drilling gas industry chemical reactions Formation damage can occur during drilling, completion, or workover operations ( 1 2 3 ). It can also occur during normal daily injection or production. Finally, it can occur during well...

... undercooling chemical reactions Gas hydrates are members of a group of solid compounds called clathrates. They are composed of base material such as hydrogen-bonded water molecules and the filling substance such as molecules of gas, no larger then 0.83 nm. The water molecules referred to the, “guest...

... demonstrates that filter cakes containing BFS can be chemically activated to produce thin, firm cakes with improved filtration properties. These cakes should be able to form better bonds with cement subsequently used for completion. oil technology stability filtration chemical reactions chemical...

...-Heinemann, Boston, MA, p. 95. Levenspiel, O., 1972, Chemical Reaction Engineering , Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Toronto, Canada. Merrick , D. , 1983 , “ Mathematical Models of the Thermal Decomposition of Coal: 1. The Evolution of Volatile Matter ,” Fuel , 62 , pp. 534 – 539...

... different for every chemical element is necessary. The reference species are independent of each other. It is impossible to formulate any chemical reaction comprising only reference species. Therefore, the problem of chemical equilibrium between reference substances does not exist. The statement...

... in the natural environment.” How can we state something illogical when we merely paraphrase the same author? We also stated a fact in our statements on the set of reference substances. energy resources thermodynamics chemical reactions chemical equilibrium water 2000 ASME ...

... 21 July 1999 10 November 2000 combustion fluidised beds sulphur compounds calorimetry water chemical reactions sorption particle size temperature control Atmospheric fluidized bed combustors (AFBC) using limestone for sulfur capture produce a waste stream of dry solids...

... 15, 2000; revised manuscript received October 30, 2000. Associate Editor: C. Saltiel. 01 December 1998 15 March 2000 30 October 2000 gas turbine power stations carbon compounds combustion fuel air pollution oxidation chemical reactions nitrogen compounds...

... Editor: C. Saltiel. 01 December 1998 15 March 2000 30 October 2000 combustion coal bioenergy conversion chemical reactions simulation Coal Biomass Biocoalbriquette Combustion Modeling Among the fossil fuels, coal has the highest potential as one of future...

... vaporisation sprays gas turbines automobiles flames chemical reactions Catalytic Combustion Catalytic Combustor Flame Lean combustion systems coupled with catalytic combustion have a high potential to reduce the thermal NO emission. It has therefore been studied as a promising method...

.... Gollahalli. 19 July 1999 11 July 2000 furnaces combustion nitrogen compounds oxygen compounds chemical reactions air pollution NO formation during combustion processes in furnaces is a subject of current interest due to its contribution to atmospheric pollution. In order...

... is that some of the fuel nitrogen is converted to NO x (NO and NO 2 ) and N 2 O during the combustion process. combustion oxygen compounds air pollution fluidised beds optimisation heating nitrogen compounds chemical reactions 16 May 1999 16...