This paper summarizes recent research on the relation between boundary layer flow, tip vortex structure for a finite span wing, and cavitation. Three hydrofoils of elliptic planform of aspect ratio 3 were constructed with different NACA cross sections. Using a sprayed oil droplet technique to visualize the boundary layer flow, each foil was found to have dramatically different flow separation characteristics on both the suction and pressure sides. Careful examination of the tip region suggests that while the initial stages of vortex roll-up from the pressure side are similar for each hydrofoil section, the vortex boundary layer interaction on the suction side differs for each section. The degree of interaction was observed to increase as the lifting efficiency decreased. Over the Reynolds number range tested, tip vortex cavitation inception has been observed to follow an almost universal scaling. Differences in this scaling law are correlated with the degree of vortex/boundary layer interaction.

Issue Section:
Research Papers
Topics:
Cavitation, Wake turbulence, Boundary layers, Vortices, Flow (Dynamics), Hydrofoil, Pressure, Suction, Cross section (Physics), Drops, Flow separation, Reynolds number, Scaling laws (Mathematical physics), Wings
1.
Abbott, I. H., and von Doenhoff, A. E., Theory of Wing Sections, McGrawHill, New York, 1949.
2.
Arndt
R. E. A.
,
1981
, “
Cavitation in Fluid Machinery and Hydraulic Structures
,”
Annual Review Fluid Mechanics
, Vol.
13
, pp.
273
–
328
.
3.
Arndt
R. E. A.
,
Arakeri
V. H.
, and
Higuchi
H.
,
1991
, “
Some observations of tip-vortex cavitation
,”
Journal of Fluid Mechanics
, Vol.
229
, pp.
269
–
289
.
4.
Arndt, R. E., A., Dugue, C., 1992, “Recent Advances in Tip Vortex Cavitation Research,” Proc. Intl. Symp. on Propulsors and Cavitation, Hamburg, Germany, June.
5.
Arndt
R. E. A.
, and
Keller
A. P.
,
1992
, “
Water Quality Effects on Cavitation Incepetion in a Trailing Vortex
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING
, Vol.
114
, Sept., pp.
430
–
438
.
6.
Billet, M. L., and Holl, W. J., 1979, “Scale effects on various types of limited cavitation,” International Symposium on Cavitation Inception, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, New York, pp. 11–23.
7.
Francis
T. B.
, and
Katz
J.
,
1988
, “
Observations on the Development of a Tip Vortex on a Rectangular Hydrofoil
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING
, Vol.
110
, June, pp.
208
–
215
.
8.
Fruman, D. H., 1994, “Recent Progress in the Understanding and Prediction of Tip Vortex Cavitation,” 2nd Intl. Symp. on Cavitation, Tokyo, Apr.
9.
Fruman, D. H., Dugue, C., Pauchet, A., Cerrutti, P. and Briancon-Marjolet, L., 1992, “Tip Vortex Roll-Up and Cavitation,” Nineteenth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Seoul, Korea, Aug.
10.
Fruman, D. H., Cerrutti, P., Pichon, T., and Dupont, P., 1994, “Effect of Hydrofoil Planform on Tip Vortex Roll-up and Cavitation,” 2nd Intl. Symp. on Cavitation, Tokyo, April.
11.
Green, S. I., and Duan, S. Z., 1994, “The Ducted Tip—A Hydrofoil Geometry with Superior Cavitation Performance,” to be published in ASME JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING.
12.
Grow
T. L.
,
1969
, “
Effect of a Wing on its Tip Vortex
,”
Journal of Aircraft
, Vol.
6
, No.
1
, Jan–Feb, pp.
37
–
41
.
13.
Katz
J.
, and
Galdo
J.
,
1989
, “
Effect of Roughness on Rollup of Tip Vortices on a Rectangular Hydrofoil
,”
Journal of Aircraft
, Vol.
26
, No.
3
, pp.
247
–
253
.
14.
Keller, A. P., and Eichmann, G., 1989, “Velocity and Size Scale Effects for Incipient Cavitation of Axisymmetric Bodies in Water of Different Quality,” Proceedings, International Symposium on Cavitation Inception, ASME, New York, pp. 79–86, Dec.
15.
Loftin, L. K., and Smith, H. A., 1949, “Aerodynamic Characteristics of 15 NACA Airfoil Section at Seven Reynolds Numbers from 0.7 × 106 to 9.0 × 106,” NACA TN 1945
16.
Ma, Dong, 1994, “Experimental Studies of Water Quality Effects on Tip Vortex Cavitation,” MS thesis. University of Minnesota.
17.
Maines, B. H., and Arndt, R. E. A., 1993, “Viscous Effects on Tip Vortex Cavitation,” Intl. Symp. Cavitation Inception, ASME, N.Y., Winter.
18.
Maines, B. H., 1995, “Tip Vortex Formation and Cavitation,” Ph.D. thesis. University of Minnesota.
19.
Mansour, N. N., 1984, “Numerical Simulation of the Tip Vortex off a Low Aspect Ratio Wing at Transonic Speed,” AIAA-84-0522, Jan.
20.
McAlister, K. W., and Takahashi, R. K., 1991, “NACA 0015 Wing Pressure and Trailing Vortex Measurements,” NASA TP-3151, Nov.
21.
McCormick, B. W., 1962, “On Cavitation Produced by a Vortex Trailing From a Lifting Surface,” ASME Journal of Basic Engineering, Sept., pp.369–379.
22.
Patel, M. H., and Hancock, G. J., 1972, “Some Experimental Results of the Effect of a Streamwise Vortex on a Two-dimensional wing,” Aeronautical Journal, Apr., pp. 151–155.
23.
Pichon, T., Fruman, D. H. and Billard, J.-V. (1995) “Effect of Tripping laminar to Turbulent Boundary Layer Transition on Tip Vortex Cavitation” International Symposium on Cavitation, CAV ’95, May, Deauville, France.
24.
Platzer, G. P., and Souders, W. G., 1980, “Tip Vortex Cavitation Characteristics and Delay on a Three-dimensional Hydrofoil,” 19th American Towing Tank Conference, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
25.
Quadrelli, J. C., 1985, “An Experimental Investigation of Vortex Roll-up for and Elliptically Loaded Wing,” M. S. thesis University of Minnesota, Apr.
26.
Shamroth, S. J., and Briley, W. R., 1979, “A Viscous Flow Analysis for the Tip Vortex Generation Process,” NASA CR-3184, October.
27.
Song, C. C. S., Chen, C., Wang, Q., 1994, “Simulation of Tip Vortex Flow and Cavitation,” XVII IAHR Symposium, Beijing.
28.
Stack, John, 1931, “Tests in the Variable Density Wind Tunnel to Investigate the Effects of Scale and Turbulence on Airfoil Characteristics,” NACA TN 364, Feb.
29.
Steinbring
D. R.
,
Farrell
K. J.
, and
Billet
M. L.
,
1991
, “
The Structure of a Three-Dimensional Tip Vortex at High Reynolds Numbers
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING
, Vol.
113
, Sept., pp.
496
–
503
.
This content is only available via PDF.
Copyright © 1997
 by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.