This paper summarizes experimental and computational results on the mixing of opposed rows of jets with a confined subsonic crossflow in rectangular ducts. The studies from which these results were excerpted investigated flow and geometric variations typical of the complex three-dimensional flowfield in the combustion chambers in gas turbine engines. The principal observation was that the momentum-flux ratio, J, and the orifice spacing, S/H, were the most significant flow and geometric variables. Jet penetration was critical, and penetration decreased as either momentum-flux ratio or orifice spacing decreased. It also appeared that jet penetration remained similar with variations in orifice size, shape, spacing, and momentum-flux ratio when the orifice spacing was inversely proportional to the square-root of the momentum-flux ratio. It was also seen that planar averages must be considered in context with the distributions. Note also that the mass-flow ratios and the orifices investigated were often very large (jet-to-mainstream mass-flow ratio > 1 and the ratio of orifices-area-to-mainstream-cross-sectional-area up to 0.5, respectively), and the axial planes of interest were often just downstream of the orifice trailing edge. Three-dimensional flow was a key part of efficient mixing and was observed for all configurations.
Issue Section:
Internal Combustion Engines
1.
Bain, D. B., Smith, C. E., and Holdeman, J. D., 1992, “CFD Mixing Analysis of Jets Injected From Straight and Slanted Slots Into a Confined Crossflow in Rectangular Ducts,” AIAA Paper 92-3087 (also NASA TM 105699).
2.
Bain, D. B., Smith, C. E., and Holdeman, J. D., 1994, “CFD Assessment of Orifice Aspect Ratio and Mass Flow Ratio on Jet Mixing in Rectangular Ducts,” AIAA Paper 94-0218 (also NASA TM 106434).
3.
Bain, D. B., Smith, C. E., and Holdeman, J. D., 1995a, “Jet Mixing and Emission Characteristics of Transverse Jets in Annular and Cylindrical Confined Crossflow,” AIAA Paper 95-2995 (also NASA TM 106976).
4.
Bain
D. B.
Smith
C. E.
Holdeman
J. D.
1995
b, “Mixing Analysis of Axially Opposed Rows of Jets Injected into Confined Crossflow
,” Journal Of Propulsion And Power
, Vol. 11
, No. 5
, pp. 885
–893
(see also AIAA Paper 93-2044 and NASA TM 106179).5.
Bain, D. B., Smith, C. E., Liscinsky, D. S., and Holdeman, J. D., 1996, “Flow Coupling Effects in Jet-in-Crossflow Flowfields,” Journal Of Propulsion And Power, Vol. 121, No. 1, (also AIAA Paper 96-2762; NASA TM 107257).
6.
Blomeyer, M. M., 1997, Proceedings, Optimization of the Mixing Process in the Mixing Zone of an RQL Combustor, 13th IS ABE, Chattanooga, TN.
7.
Blomeyer, M. M., Krautkremer, B. H., and Hennecke, D. K., 1996, “Optimum Mixing for a Two-sided Injection from Opposed Rows of Staggered Jets in a Confined Crossflow,” ASME Paper 96-GT-483.
8.
Chiu, S., Roth, K. R., Margason, R. J., and Tso, J., 1993, “A Numerical Investigation of a Subsonic Jet in a Crossflow,” AIAA Paper 93-0870.
9.
Chiu, S. H., Roth, K. R., Margason, R. J., and Tso, J., 1993, “A Numerical Investigation of a Subsonic Jet in a Crossflow,” Computational and Experimental Assessment of Jets in Cross Flow, AGARD Conference Proceedings 534.
10.
Crocker, D. S., and C. E., 1993, “Numerical Investigation of Enhanced Dilution Zone Mixing in a Reverse Flow Gas Turbine Combustor,” ASME Paper 93-GT-129.
11.
Crocker, D. S., and Smith, C. E., 1994, “Numerical Investigation of Angled Dilution Jets in Reverse Flow Gas Turbine Combustors,” AIAA Paper 94-2771.
12.
Crocker, D. S., Smith, C. E., and Myers, G. D., 1994, “Pattern Factor Reduction in a Reverse Flow Gas Turbine Combustor Using Angled Dilution Jets,” ASME Paper 94-GT-406.
13.
Doerr, T. and Henneke, D. K., 1993, “The Mixing Process in the Quenching Zone of the Rich-Lean Combustion Concept,” AGARD-PEP 81st Symposium of Fuels and Combustion Technology for Advanced Aircraft Engines.
14.
Doerr, T., Blomeyer, M., and Henneke, D. K., 1995a, “Optimization of Multiple Jets Mixing with a Confined Crossflow,” ASME Paper 95-GT-313.
15.
Doerr, T., Blomeyer, M., and Henneke, D. K., 1995b, “Experimental Investigation of Optimum Jet Mixing Configurations for RQL-Combustors,” 12th ISABE, Melborne, Australia.
16.
Everson, R., Manin, D., Sirovich, L., and Winter, M., 1995, “Quantification of Mixing and Mixing Rate from Experimental Observations,” AIAA Paper 95-0169.
17.
Hatch
M. S.
Sowa
W. A.
Samuelsen
G. S.
Holdeman
J. D.
1995
, “Geometry and Flow Influences on Jet Mixing in a Cylindrical Duct
,” Journal Of Propulsion And Power
, Vol. 11
, No. 3
, pp. 393
–402
, (see also “Jet Mixing Into a Heated Cross Flow in a Cylindrical Duct: Influence of Geometry and Flow Variations,” AIAA-92-9773 and NASA TM 105390).18.
Holdeman
J. D.
1993
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,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.
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(see also AIAA-91-2458 and NASATM 104412).19.
Holdeman, J. D., Walker, R. E., and Kors, D. L., 1973, “Mixing of Multiple Dilution Jets With a Hot Primary Airstream for Gas Turbine Combustors,” AIAA Paper 73-1249 (also NASA TM X-71426).
20.
Holdeman
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Oechsle
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Samuelsen
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1996
, “Mixing of Multiple Jets With a Confined Subsonic Crossflow: Part I—Cylindrical Duct Results
,” ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER
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, pp. 852
–862
(also ASME Paper 96-GT-482; NASATM 107185).21.
Krautkremer, B. H., Blomeyer, M. M., and Hennecke, D. K., 1998, “Optical Measurements of Jet-Mixing in a Swirling Crossflow of a Combustion Chamber,” presented at the NATO RTA Symposium on Gas Turbine Engine Combustion, Emissions, and Alternate Fuels, Lisbon, Portugal, Oct. 12–16.
22.
Liscinsky, D. S., True, B., and Holdeman, J. D., 1993, “Experimental Investigation of Crossflow Jet Mixing in a Rectangular Duct,” AIAA Paper 93-3090 (also NASATM 106152).
23.
Liscinsky, D. S., True, B., and Holdeman, J. D., 1994, “Mixing Characteristics of Directly Opposed Rows of Jets Injected Normal to a Crossflow in a Rectangular Duct,” AIAA Paper 94-0217 (also NASA TM 106477).
24.
Liscinsky, D. S., True, B., and Holdeman, J. D., 1995, “Effect of Initial Conditions on a Single Jet in Crossflow,” AIAA Paper 95-2998 (also NASA TM 107002).
25.
Liscinsky, D. S., True, B., and Holdeman, J. D., 1996a, “Crossflow Mixing of Noncircular Jets,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 12, No. 1 (see also AIAA Paper 95-0732 and NASA TM 106865).
26.
Liscinsky, D. S., True, B., and Holdeman, J. D., 1996b, “Effect of Inlet Flow Conditions of Crossflow Jet Mixing,” AIAA Paper 96-2881 (also NASA TM 107258).
27.
Liscinsky, D. S., Vranos, A., and Lohmann, R. P., 1993, “Experimental Study of Cross-Stream Mixing in Cylindrical and Rectangular Ducts,” NASA CR 187141.
28.
Liscinsky, D. S., True, B., Vranos, A., and Holdeman, J. D., 1992, “Experimental Study of Crossflow Jet Mixing in a Rectangular Duct,” AIAA Paper 92-3090 (also NASA TM 105694).
29.
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,” Experiments in Fluids
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.30.
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Mungal
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Hanson
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1991
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,” AIAA Journal
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32.
Margason, R. J. and Tso, J., 1993, “Jet to Freestream Velocity Ratio Computations for a Jet in a Crossflow,” AIAA Paper 93-4860.
33.
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35.
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36.
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37.
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.
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