The Low Pressure spray Breakup (LPB) model of Papageorgakis and Assanis has been implemented in the multi-dimensional code KIVA-3V as an alternative to the standard Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) model. Comparison of spray predictions with measurements shows that the LPB model, in conjunction with the standard k-ε turbulence model, has the potential for simulating the evolution of hollow cone sprays with acceptable fidelity, both from qualitative and quantitative standpoints. After validating the LPB model, illustrative studies of mixture stratification are conducted for a Direct Injection Gasoline (DIG) combustion chamber resembling the Mitsubishi design. The effects of reverse tumble strength and injection timing on mixture quality in the vicinity of the spark plug are explored. Overall, the study demonstrates how the KIVA-3V code with the LPB model can contribute to the optimization and control of mixing in DIG engines. [S0742-4795(00)00303-3]

Issue Section:
Internal Combustion Engines
Keywords:
internal combustion engines, stratified flow, automobiles, emission, combustion, sprays, fuel
Topics:
Fuels, Sprays, Engines
1.
Anderson, R. W., et al., 1996, “Understanding the Thermodynamics of Direct Injection Spark Ignition Combustion System: An Analytical and Experimental Investigation,” SAE Paper 962018.
2.
Kume, T., Iwamoto, Y., Iida, K., Murakami, M., Akishino, K., and Ando, A., 1996, “Combustion Control Technologies for Direct Injection SI Engine,” SAE Paper 960600.
3.
Iwamoto, Y., Noma, K., Nakayama, O., Yamauchi, T., and Ando, H., 1997, “Development of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine,” SAE Paper 970541.
4.
Kuwahara, K., Ueda, K., and Ando, H., 1998, “Mixing Control Strategy for Engine Performance Improvement in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine,” SAE 980158.
5.
Harada, J., Tomita, T., Mizuno, H., Mashiki, Z., and Ito, Y., 1997, “Development of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine,” SAE Paper 970540.
6.
Tomoda, T., Sasaki, S., Sawada, D., Saito, A., and Sami, H., 1997, “Development of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine—Study of Stratified Mixture Formation,” SAE Paper 970539.
7.
Han, Z., Reitz, R. D., Claybaker, P. J., Rutland, C. J., Yang, J., and Anderson, R. W., 1996, “Modeling the Effects of Intake Flow Structures on Fuel/Air Mixing in a Direct-Injected Spark-Ignition Engine,” SAE Paper 961192.
8.
Han, Z., Reitz, R. D., Yang, J., and Anderson, R. W., 1997, “Effects of Injection Timing on Air-Fuel Mixing in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine,” SAE Paper 970625.
9.
Han, Z., Fan, L., and Reitz, R. D., 1997, “Multidimensional Modeling of Spray Atomization and Air-Fuel Mixing in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine,” SAE Paper 970884.
10.
Amsden, A. A., 1993, “KIVA-3: A KIVA Program with Block-Structured Mesh for Complex Geometries,” Los Alamos National Lab., LA-12503-MS.
11.
Naitoh, K., et al., 1998, “Numerical Optimization of the Fuel Mixing Process in a Direct-Injection Gasoline Engine,” SAE 981440.
12.
Duclos, J. M., and Zolver, M., 1998, “3D Modeling of Intake, Injection and Combustion in a DI-SI engine under Homogeneous and Stratified Operating Conditions,” COMODIA 98, pp. 335–340.
13.
O’Rourke, P. J., and Amsden, A. A., 1987, “The TAB Method for Numerical Calculation of Spray Droplet Breakup,” SAE Paper 872089.
14.
Reitz
,
R. D.
,
1987
, “
Modeling Atomization Processes in High-Pressure Vaporizing Sprays
,”
Atomization Spray Technol.
,
3
, pp.
309
–
337
.
15.
Miyamoto, T., and Kobayashi, T., 1996, “Structure of Sprays from an Air-Assist Hollow-Cone Injector,” SAE 960771.
16.
Lee, C. F., and Bracco, F. V., 1995, “Comparisons of Computed and Measured Hollow-Cone Sprays in an Engine,” SAE 950284.
17.
Han
,
Z.
,
Parrish
,
S.
,
Farrel
,
P. V.
, and
Reitz
,
R. D.
,
1997
, “
Modeling Atomization Processes of Pressure-Swirl Hollow-Cone Fuel Sprays
,”
Atomization Sprays
,
7
, pp.
663
–
684
.
18.
Papageorgakis
,
G. C.
, and
Assanis
,
D. N.
,
1996
, “
A Spray Breakup Model for Low Injection Pressures
,”
Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer
,
23
, No.
1
, pp.
1
–
10
.
19.
Papageorgakis
,
G. C.
, and
Assanis
,
D. N.
,
1999
, “
Comparison of Linear and Non-Linear RNG-Based k-ε models for Incompressible Turbulent Flows
,”
Numer. Heat Transfer, Part B
,
35
, pp.
1
–
22
.
20.
Harper
,
E. Y.
,
Grube
,
G. W.
, and
Chang
,
I. D.
,
1972
,
J. Fluid Mech.
,
52
, No.
3
, pp.
565
–
591
.
21.
Launder, B. E., and Spalding, D. B., 1972, Mathematical Models of Turbulence, Academic Press, New York.
22.
Han
,
Z.
, and
Reitz
,
R. D.
,
1995
, “
Turbulence Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines Using RNG k-e Models
,”
Combust. Sci. Technol.
,
106
, p.
207
207
.
23.
Zhao, F., Yoo, J., Liu, Y., and Lai, M., 1996, “Spray Dynamics of High Pressure Fuel Injectors for DI Gasoline Engines,” SAE Paper 961925.
Copyright © 2000
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.