... under both constant adiabatic flame temperature and variable adiabatic flame temperature conditions in order to elucidate its thermal, kinetic, and transport effects. Particular attention is paid to CO 2 's effects on the flame surface density, progress variable, turbulent burning velocity, and flame...

...Usman Allauddin; Michael Pfitzner Recently, a fractal-based algebraic flame surface density (FSD) premixed combustion model has been derived and validated in the context of large eddy simulation (LES). The fractal parameters in the model, namely the cut-off scales and the fractal dimension were...