... transfer efficiency. The parachute-shaped geometry produces small changes in the heat transfer coefficient compared to a spherical geometry. However, the parachute-shaped particle flow is more robust to changes in particle concentration inside the channel. channel convection phase-change material...

..., indicate the mixing effect to account from 19% to 68% of the heat transfer enhancement produced by using EPCM particles. Hence particle mixing, even at a very low particle concentration, is an effective convection mechanism. multiphase cooling channel convection phase-change material particulate flow...