Tensile-Shear Forces and Fracture Modes in Single and Multiple Weld Specimens in Dual-Phase Steels

In this article, weld fracture criteria based upon low strain rate (i.e., $ε̇∼10−3-10−2s−1$⁠) tensile-shear tests of spot welds in dual-phase (DP) steels DP600, DP780, and DP980 are developed. Three empirical equations are inferred from least-squares root-fitting analyses of tensile-shear testing data. Building upon existing results in the literature, the first equation relates the tensile-shear force to the weld diameter. The second and third equations relate, respectively, a critical weld diameter and a critical tensile-shear force for interfacial fracture to the sheet thickness and hardness extrema in the heat-affected zone. These idealized equations can serve as the basis for further development of fracture criteria resembling material flow laws that account for higher strain rates and more complicated deformation paths. The effect of spot-weld placement in specific patterns or arrays on deformation and fracture behavior was also investigated to explore underlying effects from deformation field interactions between adjacent spot welds.