Kevlar® KM2 fiber is a transversely isotropic material. Its tensile stress-strain response in the axial direction is linear and elastic until failure. However, the overall deformation in the transverse directions is nonlinear and nonelastic, although it can be treated linearly and elastically in infinitesimal strain range. For a linear, elastic, and transversely isotropic material, five material constants are needed to describe its stress-strain response. In this paper, stress-strain behavior obtained from experiments on a single Kevlar KM2 fiber are presented and discussed. The effects of loading rate and the influence of axial loading on transverse and transverse loading on axial stress-strain responses are also discussed.
1.
Cheeseman
, B. A.
, and Bogetti
, T. A.
, 2003
, “Ballistic Impact Into Fabric and Compliant Composite Laminates
,” Compos. Struct.
, 61
, pp. 161
–173
.2.
Johnson, G. R., Beissel, S. R., and Cunniff, P. M., 1999, “A Computational Model for Fabrics Subjected to Ballistic Impact,” 18th Int. Symposium on Ballistics, San Antonio, pp. 962–969.
3.
Johnson, G. R., Beissel, S. R., and Cunniff, P. M., 2002, “A Computational Approach for Composite Materials Subjected to Ballistic Impact,” 2nd Int. Conference on Structural Stability and Dynamics, Singapore.
4.
Yang, H. H., 1992, Kevlar Aramid Fiber, Wiley, New York.
5.
Morton, W. E., and Hearle, J. W. S., 1993, Physical Properties of Textile Fibres, Textile Institute, UK.
6.
Kaw, A. K., 1997, Mechanics of Composite Materials, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
7.
Gray, G., 2000. “Classic Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing,” ASM Handbook, Vol. 8, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp. 462–476.
8.
Gray, G., and Blumenthal, W., 2000, “Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing of Soft Materials,” ASM Handbook, Vol. 8, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp. 488–496.
9.
Thomason
, J. L.
, and Kalinka
, G.
, 2001
, “A Technique for the Measurement of Reinforcement Fibre Tensile Strength at Sub-Millimeter Gauge Lengths
,” Composites, Part A
, 32
, pp. 85
–90
.10.
Karl, F. G., 1975, Wave Motion in Elastic Solids, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
11.
Hearle, J. W. S., 2003, Emeritus Professor of Textile Technology, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Personal communication.
12.
Cheng
, M.
, Chen
, W.
, and Weerasooriya
, T.
, 2004
, “Experimental Investigation of the Transverse Mechanical Properties of a Single Kevlar® KM2e Fiber
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 41
(22–23
), pp. 6215
–6232
.13.
Hadley
, D. W.
, Ward
, I. M.
, and Ward
, J.
, 1965
, “The Transverse Compression of Anisotropic Fibre Monofilaments
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
, 285
(1401
), pp. 275
–286
.14.
Pinnock
, P. R.
, Ward
, I. M.
, and Wolfe
, J. M.
, 1966
, “The Compression of Anisotropic Fibre Monofilaments: II
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
, 291
(1425
), pp. 267
–278
.15.
McEwen
, E.
, 1949
, “Stresses in Elastic Cylinders in Contact Along Generatrix
,” Philos. Mag.
, 40
(303
), pp. 454
–459
.16.
Mullins
, L.
, 1969
, “Softening of Rubber by Deformation
,” Rubber Chem. Technol.
, 42
, pp. 339
–362
.17.
Cheng
, M.
, and Chen
, W.
, 2003
, “Experimental Investigation of the Stress-Stretch Behavior of EPDM Rubber with Loading Rate Effects
,” Int. J. Solids Struct.
, 40
(18
), pp. 4749
–4768
.18.
Tsai
, C.-L.
, and Daniel
, I. M.
, 1999
, “Determination of Shear Modulus of Single Fibers
,” Exp. Mech.
, 39
(4
), pp. 284
–286
.19.
Ogden, R. W., 2001, “Pseudo-Elasticity and Stress Softening,” Nonlinear Elasticity-Theory and Applications, Y. B. Fu and R. W. Ogden eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 491–522.
Copyright © 2005
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.