Employing Computational Fluid Dynamics to Derive Beddoes–Leishman Model Airfoil Parameters for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

The blades of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) experience large variations in the angle of attack at low tip-speed ratios and induce blade force oscillation. These unsteady aerodynamic effects must be considered in the VAWT aerodynamic modelling methodology by utilizing a dynamic stall model. The Beddoes–Leishman (B–L) dynamic stall model is a popular method to simulate the unsteady VAWT blade dynamic stall aerodynamics. However, a limitation of the B–L dynamic stall model is the number of the airfoil dependent parameters derived from both steady and unsteady experimental measurements. In this paper, a methodology is described to compute these B–L dynamic stall model airfoil coefficients utilizing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. This method permits the calculation of the blade dynamic stall characteristics over a range of reduced pitch rates by employing a user-defined sliding mesh motion technique. Furthermore, the variation in the blade Reynolds number is accounted for by conducting simulations at the maximum and minimum VAWT envelope operating limits. Aerodynamic blade force experimental measurements are used to compare the predictions from a low-order model with airfoil data extracted CFD and experiments. This approach expands the applicability of the B–L dynamic stall model for large-scale VAWTs.