Fig. 1 Traditional single slope solar still (TSS): ( a ) three-dimensional views of TSS, in mm and ( b ) photographic view of TSS More about this image found in Traditional single slope solar still (TSS): ( a ) three-dimensional views o...

Fig. 2 Conical solar still (CSS): ( a ) three-dimensional views of CSS, in mm, and ( b ) schematic diagram of CSS system, where 1: Two pipes of freshwater produced; 2: scale container; 3: Two pipes of return saline water from the solar still; 4: External storage saline water tank; 5: PV- powered p... More about this image found in Conical solar still (CSS): ( a ) three-dimensional views of CSS, in mm, and...

Fig. 3 Manufacturing process of conical solar still (CSS) More about this image found in Manufacturing process of conical solar still (CSS)

Fig. 4 A schematic diagram of the energy flux for the current study More about this image found in A schematic diagram of the energy flux for the current study

Fig. 5 A schematic diagram of energy flux of external water storage tank More about this image found in A schematic diagram of energy flux of external water storage tank

Fig. 6 Hourly variations between the theoretical and experimental findings of saline water temperature (°C) for TSS, CSSF, CSSH, and CSQ. During the period, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on the selected date: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 ,... More about this image found in Hourly variations between the theoretical and experimental findings of sali...

Fig. 7 Hourly variations between the theoretical and experimental findings of productivity (L/m 2 ) for TSS, CSSF, CSSH, and CSQ. During the period, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on the selected date: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g ... More about this image found in Hourly variations between the theoretical and experimental findings of prod...

Fig. 8 The hourly freshwater productivity (L/m 2 ) for the TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM. Dduring the period 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on the selected date: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.88 , β = 45 deg , S... More about this image found in The hourly freshwater productivity (L/m 2 ) for the TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, a...

Fig. 9 The influences of the saline water temperature (°C) on the productivity (L/m 2 ) of the different models of solar stills (TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, CSQM). During the period, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on the selected date: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 ,... More about this image found in The influences of the saline water temperature (°C) on the productivity (L/...

Fig. 10 Hourly variations of saline water temperature (°C) for TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM. During the period, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on the selected date: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.88 , β = 45 deg , S =... More about this image found in Hourly variations of saline water temperature (°C) for TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ...

Fig. 11 Daily variations of freshwater productivity (L/ m 2 / Day) for TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM. During the period 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. from 14 to 25 June 2022: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.88 , β = 45 ... More about this image found in Daily variations of freshwater productivity (L/ m 2 / Day) for TSS, CSSF, C...

Fig. 12 Daily productivity of freshwater at different values of volume flowrates for CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM. During the days of the experiment 14–25 June 2022: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.88 , β = 45 deg ... More about this image found in Daily productivity of freshwater at different values of volume flowrates fo...

Fig. 13 Average daily efficiency % of CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM at different values of volume flowrates. During the days of the experiment 14–25 June 2022: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.88 , β = 45 deg ,... More about this image found in Average daily efficiency % of CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM at different values...

Fig. 14 The effect of the CSSF, CSSH, CSQM, and CSQ models of the solar still on the percentage of daily water gained %: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.88 , β = 45 deg , S = 0.035 kg / kg More about this image found in The effect of the CSSF, CSSH, CSQM, and CSQ models of the solar still on th...

Fig. 15 Efficiency of TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM solar stills during the days of the experiment from 14–25 June 2022: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.88 , β = 45 deg , S = 0.035 kg / kg More about this image found in Efficiency of TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM solar stills during the days o...

Fig. 16 Typical data of the ambient temperature (°C) recorded in the days of the experiment 14–25 June 2022 at the site of Amman city. During the period, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.88 , β = ... More about this image found in Typical data of the ambient temperature (°C) recorded in the days of the ex...

Fig. 17 Typical data of the solar radiation intensity (W/m 2 ) was recorded in the days of the experiment 14–25 June 2022 at the site of Amman city. During the period, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ g = 0.... More about this image found in Typical data of the solar radiation intensity (W/m 2 ) was recorded in the ...

Fig. 18 The impact of solar intensity (W/m 2 ) on the productivity (L/m 2 ) of the TSS, CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM types of solar still. During the period, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on the selected date: α g = 0.0475, α w = 0.05, α b = 0.95 , ε g = 0.88 , ε w = 0.96 , τ... More about this image found in The impact of solar intensity (W/m 2 ) on the productivity (L/m 2 ) of the ...