Effective Utilization of Solar Integrated Urban Distribution Network Infrastructure Using Diurnal Load Factor for Smart Cities

Solar PV Integration in the distribution network has become necessary to overcome the growing demand and to reduce emissions. The large percentage penetration of solar PV in the distribution network has more limitations to maintain the stability of the network. This paper emphasizes the strategy of location and the impact of solar PV integration in an urban distribution feeder. The urban distribution feeder has more service sector loads, having a majority of the demand during the daytime. To locate the solar PV, the diurnal load factor is proposed to maximize the utilization. With the proper location of solar PV in the appropriate nodes with more day demand, solar energy can be used locally without storage. This facilitates the effective utilization of urban distribution infrastructure, creating more network space for further load growth. The power flow and loading impact of solar PV generation are demonstrated on the 15-node Indian urban distribution feeder. Load profiles of various loads in different seasons of the year are normalized and grouped for the accurate analysis. Time series load flow analysis is performed with a variable load pattern to analyze the dynamic performance of the network.