Effect of γ-Al₂O₃/Water Nanofluid on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Shell and Coil Heat Exchanger With Different Coil Curvatures

This study presents an experimental investigation of the characteristics of convective heat transfer in horizontal shell and coil heat exchangers in addition to the friction factor for fully developed flow through their helically coiled tube (HCT). Five heat exchangers of counterflow configuration were constructed with different HCT-curvature ratios (⁠$δ$⁠) and tested at different mass flow rates and inlet temperatures of γ-Al₂O₃/water nanofluid in the HCT. The tests were performed for γ-Al₂O₃ with average size of 40 nm and particles volume concentration (⁠$ϕ$⁠) from 0% to 2% for $0.0392≤δ≤0.1194$⁠. Totally, 750 test runs were performed from which the HCT-average Nusselt number (⁠$Nu¯t$⁠) and fanning friction factor (⁠$fc$⁠) were calculated. Results illustrated that $Nu¯t$ and $fc$ of nanofluids are higher than those of the pure water at same flow condition, and this increase goes up with the increase in $ϕ$⁠. When $ϕ$ increases from 0% to 2%, the average increase in $Nu¯t$ is of 59.4–81% at lower and higher HCT-Reynolds number, respectively, and the average increase in $fc$ is of 25.7% and 27.4% at lower and higher HCT-Reynolds number, respectively, when $ϕ$ increases from 0% to 2% for $δ=0.1194$⁠. In addition, results showed that $Nu¯t$ and $fc$ increase by increasing coil curvature ratio. When $δ$ increases from 0.0392 to 0.1194 for $ϕ=2%$⁠, the average increase in $Nu¯t$ is of 130.2% and 87.2% at lower and higher HCT-Reynolds number, respectively, and a significant increase of 18.2–7.5% is obtained in the HCT-fanning friction factor at lower and higher HCT-Reynolds number, respectively. Correlations for $Nu¯t$ and $fc$ as a function of the investigated parameters are obtained.