Abstract
To achieve thermoplastics-based composites with high tribological performances, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphite (Gr) were incorporated separately to a polyamide 66 (PA66) matrix. Two different development methodologies of composites were used. The morphological features and the micro-mechanical properties of composites were investigated to stress the influence of the filler surface treatment and its dispersion. The friction coefficient was evaluated using a ball on a flat micro-tribometer. The wear mechanisms were also characterized. The best tribological performance was exhibited by 10 wt% of graphite. The surface treatment of the filler inclusions by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AMPTES) showed an improvement in the morphological aspects of adhesion at the filler/matrix interface.
Issue Section:
Lubricants
References
1.
Erdemir
, A.
, 2005
, “Review of Engineered Tribological Interfaces for Improved Boundary Lubrication
,” Tribol. Int.
, 38
(3
), pp. 249
–256
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2004.08.0082.
Souza
, J. C. M.
, Bentes
, A. C.
, Reis
, K.
, Gavinha
, S.
, Buciumeanu
, M.
, Henriques
, B.
, Silva
, F. S.
, and Gomes
, J. R.
, 2016
, “Abrasive and Sliding Wear of Resin Composites for Dental Restorations
,” Tribol. Int.
, 102
(154
), pp. 154
–160
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2016.05.0353.
Shalwan
, A.
, and Yousif
, B. F.
, 2013
, “In State of Art: Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Polymeric Composites Based on Natural Fibres
,” Mater. Design
, 48
, pp. 14
–24
. 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.0144.
Mazza
, L.
, Trivella
, A.
, Grassi
, R.
, and Malucelli
, G.
, 2015
, “A Comparison of the Relative Friction and Wear Responses of PTFE and a PTFE-Based Composite When Tested Using Three Different Types of Sliding Wear Machines
,” Tribol. Int.
, 90
, pp. 15
–21
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2015.04.0015.
Jiang
, Z.
, Gyurova
, L. A.
, Schlarb
, A. K.
, Friedrich
, K.
, and Zhang
, Z.
, 2008
, “Study on Friction and Wear Behavior of Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites Reinforced by Short Carbon Fibers and Sub-Micro TiO2 Particles
,” Compos. Sci. Technol.
, 68
(3–4
), pp. 734
–742
. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.09.0226.
Shiva Kumar
, K.
, and Chennakesava Reddy
, A.
, 2016
, “Study on Reinforcement Materials for Nylon Matrix Composites—A Review
,” J. Sci. Eng. Res.
, 7
(6
), pp. 156
–160
.7.
Ben Difallah
, B.
, Kharrat
, M.
, Dammak
, M.
, and Monteil
, G.
, 2014
, “Improvement in the Tribological Performance of Polycarbonate via the Incorporation of Molybdenum Disulfide Particles
,” Tribol. T.
, 57
(5
), pp. 806
–813
. 10.1080/10402004.2014.9137518.
Ben Difallah
, B.
, Kharrat
, M.
, Dammak
, M.
, and Monteil
, G.
, 2012
, “Microstructure, Friction and Wear Analysis of Thermoplastic Based Composites With Solid Lubricant
,” Mech. Ind.
, 13
(5
), pp. 337
–346
. 10.1051/meca/20120419.
Ben Difallah
, B.
, Kharrat
, M.
, Dammak
, M.
, and Monteil
, G.
, 2012
, “Mechanical and Tribological Response of ABS Polymer Matrix Filled With Graphite Powder
,” Mater. Design
, 34
, pp. 782
–787
. 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.00110.
Lv
, Y.
, Wang
, W.
, Xie
, G.
, and Lu
, J.
, 2018
, “Self-Lubricating PTFE-Based Composites With Black Phosphorus Nanosheets
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 66
(2
), p. 61
. 10.1007/s11249-018-1010-511.
Wang
, W.
, Xie
, G.
, and Luo
, J.
, 2018
, “Black Phosphorus as a New Lubricant
,” Friction
, 6
(1
), pp. 116
–142
. 10.1007/s40544-018-0204-z12.
Puértolas
, J. A.
, Castro
, M.
, Morris
, J. A.
, Rios
, R.
, and Ansón-Casaos
, A.
, 2019
, “Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets/PEEK Composites
,” Carbon
, 141
, pp. 107
–122
. 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.03613.
Zhang
, L.
, Qi
, H.
, Li
, G.
, Zhang
, G.
, Wang
, T.
, and Wang
, Q.
, 2017
, “Impact of Reinforcing Fillers’ Properties on Transfer Film Structure and Tribological Performance of POM-Based Materials
,” Tribol. Int.
, 109
, pp. 58
–68
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2016.12.00514.
Bart
, J. C. J.
, Gucciardi
, E.
, and Cavallaro
, S.
, 2013
, Biolubricants: Science and Technology
, 1st ed., J. C. J.
Bart
, E.
Gucciardi
, and S.
Cavallaro
, eds., Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
, Cambridge
, pp. 24
–27
.15.
Rothon
, R.
, and DeArmitt
, C.
, 2017
, Brydson’s Plastics Materials
, 8th ed., M.
Gilbert
, ed., Elsevier
, Butterworth-Heinemann
, pp. 169
–204
. 10.1016/B978-0-323-35824-8.00008-616.
Yeo
, J.-S.
, Seong
, D.-W.
, and Hwang
, S.-H.
, 2015
, “Chemical Surface Modification of Lignin Particle and Its Application as Filler in the Polypropylene Composites
,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem.
, 31
, pp. 80
–85
. 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.06.01017.
Wu
, X.
, Qiu
, J.
, Liu
, P.
, and Sakai
, E.
, 2013
, “Preparation and Characterization of Polyamide Composites With Modified Graphite Powders
,” J. Polym. Res.
, 20
(11
), pp. 284
–291
. 10.1007/s10965-013-0284-418.
Jiang
, H.
, Browning
, R.
, Fincher
, J.
, Gasbarro
, A.
, Jones
, S.
, and Sue
, H.-J.
, 2008
, “Influence of Surface Roughness and Contact Load on Friction Coefficient and Scratch Behavior of Thermoplastic Olefins
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
, 254
(15
), pp. 4494
–4499
. 10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.01.06719.
Jiang
, H.
, Cheng
, Q.
, Jiang
, C.
, Zhang
, J.
, and Lib
, Y.
, 2015
, “Effect of Stick-Slip on the Scratch Performance of Polypropylene
,” Tribol. Int.
, 91
(1–5
), pp. 1
–5
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2015.06.02420.
Bermúdez
, M. D.
, Brostow
, W.
, Carrión-Vilches
, F. J.
, and Sanes
, J.
, 2010
, “Scratch Resistance of Polycarbonate Containing ZnO Nanoparticles: Effects of Sliding Direction
,” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
, 10
(10
), pp. 6683
–6689
. 10.1166/jnn.2010.251321.
Wong
, M.
, Moyse
, A.
, Lee
, F.
, and Sue
, H.-J.
, 2004
, “Study of Surface Damage of Polypropylene Under Progressive Loading
,” J. Mater. Sci.
, 39
(10
), pp. 3293
–3308
. 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000026930.12462.3d22.
Jiang
, H.
, Browning
, R. L.
, Hossain
, M. M.
, Sue
, H.-J.
, and Fujiwar
, M.
, 2010
, “Quantitative Evaluation of Scratch Visibility Resistance of Polymers
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
, 256
(21
), pp. 6324
–6329
. 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.04.01123.
Chu
, J.
, Xiang
, C.
, Su
, H. J.
, and Damon Hollis
, R.
, 2000
, “Scratch Resistance of Mineral-Filled Polypropylene Materials
,” Polym. Eng. Sci.
, 40
(4
), pp. 944
–955
. 10.1002/pen.1122224.
Moghbelli
, E.
, Browning
, R. L.
, Boo
, W.-J.
, Hahn
, S. F.
, Feick
, L. J. E.
, and Su
, H. J.
, 2008
, “Effects of Molecular Weight and Thermal History on Scratch Behavior of Polypropylene Thin Sheets
,” Tribol. Int.
, 41
(5
), pp. 425
–433
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2007.09.00825.
Zokaei
, S.
, Lesan Khoch
, R. M.
, and Bagheri
, R.
, 2007
, “Study of Scratch Resistance in Homo- and Co-Polypropylene Filled With Nanometric Calcium Carbonate
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, 445–446
, pp. 526
–536
. 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.080.26.
Feng
, P.
, Zhang
, C.
, Wu
, Z.
, and Zhang
, J.
, 2013
, “Effect of Scratch Velocity on Deformation Features of C-Plane Sapphire During Nanoscratching
,” J. Mech. Eng.
, 59
(6
), pp. 367
–374
. 10.5545/sv-jme.2012.67927.
Wong
, M.
, Lim
, G. T.
, Moyse
, A.
, Reddy
, J. N.
, and Sue
, H.-J.
, 2004
, “A New Test Methodology for Evaluating Scratch Resistance of Polymers
,” Wear
, 256
(11
), pp. 1214
–1227
. 10.1016/j.wear.2003.10.02728.
Jiang
, H.
, Browning
, R.
, and Sue
, H.-J.
, 2009
, “Understanding of Scratch-Induced Damage Mechanism
,” Polymer
, 50
(16
), pp. 4056
–4065
. 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.06129.
Purslow
, D.
, 1981
, “Some Fundamental Aspects of Composites Fractography
,” Composites
, 12
(4
), pp. 241
–247
. 10.1016/0010-4361(81)90012-430.
Wang
, H.
, Li
, H.
, and Yan
, F.
, 2005
, “Reduction in Wear of Metakaolinite-Based Geopolymere Composite Through Filling of PTFE
,” Wear
, 258
(10
), pp. 1562
–1566
. 10.1016/j.wear.2004.11.00131.
Kang
, S. C.
, and Chung
, D. W.
, 2003
, “Improvement of Frictional Properties and Abrasive Wear Resistance of Nylon/Graphite Composite by Oil Impregnation
,” Wear
, 25
(1–2
), pp. 103
–110
. 10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00302-232.
Myshkin
, N. K.
, Petrokovets
, M. I.
, and Kovalev
, A. V.
, 2005
, “Tribology of Polymers: Adhesion, Friction, Wear, and Mass-Transfer
,” Tribol. Int.
, 38
(11–12
), pp. 910
–921
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2005.07.01633.
Zhang
, X.
, Liao
, G.
, Jin
, Q.
, Feng
, X.
, and Jian
, X.
, 2008
, “On Dry Sliding Friction and Wear Behavior of PPESK filled with PTFE and Graphite
,” Tribol. Int.
, 41
(3
), pp. 195
–201
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2007.08.00334.
Chen
, Z.
, Li
, T.
, Yang
, Y.
, Liu
, X.
, and Lv
, R.
, 2004
, “Mechanical and Tribological Properties of PA/PPS Blends
,” Wear
, 257
(7
), pp. 696
–707
. 10.1016/j.wear.2004.03.01335.
Chang
, L.
, Zhang
, Z.
, Zhang
, H.
, and Schlarb
, A. K.
, 2006
, “On the Sliding Wear of Nanoparticle Filled Polyamide 66 Composites
,” Compos. Sci. Technol.
, 66
(16
), pp. 3188
–3198
. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.02.02136.
Byett
, J. H.
, and Allen
, C.
, 1992
, “Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Polyamide 66 and Polycarbonate Composites
,” Tribol. Int.
, 25
(4
), pp. 237
–246
. 10.1016/0301-679X(92)90061-Q37.
Samyn
, P.
, De Baets
, P.
, Schoukens
, G.
, and Van Driessche
, I.
, 2007
, “Friction, Wear and Transfer of Pure and Internally Lubricated Cast Polyamides at Various Testing Scales
,” Wear
, 262
(11–12
), pp. 1433
–1449
. 10.1016/j.wear.2007.01.01338.
Liu
, L.
, Li
, W.
, Tang
, Y.
, Shen
, B.
, and Hu
, W.
, 2009
, “Friction and Wear Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
,” Wear
, 266
(7–8
), pp. 733
–738
. 10.1016/j.wear.2008.08.00939.
Guo
, Q. B.
, Rong
, M. Z.
, Jia
, G. L.
, Lau
, K. T.
, and Zhang
, M. Q.
, 2009
, “Sliding Wear Performance of Nano-SiO2/Short Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Hybrid Composites
,” Wear
, 266
(7–8
), pp. 658
–665
. 10.1016/j.wear.2008.08.00540.
Xiang
, C.
, Sue
, H.-J.
, Chu
, J.
, and Coleman
, B.
, 2001
, “Scratch Behavior and Material Property Relationship in Polymers
,” J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys.
, 39
(1
), pp. 47
–59
. 10.1002/1099-0488(20010101)39:1<47::AID-POLB50>3.0.CO;2-241.
Phueakbuakhao
, N.
, Prissanaroon-Ouajai
, W.
, and Kreua-Ongarjnukool
, N.
, 2008
, “Effect of Coupling Agents on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of CaCO3-Filled Recycled High Density Polyethylene
,” J. Metals, Mater. Miner.
, 18
(2
), pp. 131
–135
.42.
Deng
, M.
, Tan
, V. B. C.
, and Tay
, T. E.
, 2004
, “Atomistic Modeling: Interfacial Diffusion and Adhesion of Polycarbonate and Silanes
,” Polymer
, 45
(18
), pp. 6399
–6407
. 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.06.055Copyright © 2020 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
