... are included. The elastic and time rate-dependent portion of force is derived using a viscoelastic interaction of the two asperities. Statistical consideration of rough surfaces then furnishes the mathematical formulation of total normal force due to adhesion, elastic, and rate-dependent properties...

...Osama M. Abuzeid; Peter Eberhard The objective of this study is to construct a continuous mathematical model that describes the frictionless contact between a nominally flat (rough) viscoelastic punch and a perfectly rigid foundation. The material’s behavior is modeled by assuming a complex...