... microelement in the body force model could be regarded to be locally axisymmetric, and even the flow field parameters between adjacent elements in the circumferential direction may be different. For these reasons, Eq. (5) can be written as follows: (11) ( ∂ ∂ t + Ω ∂ ∂ θ ) Q...

...Syamak Pazireh; Jeffrey Defoe Despite advances in computational power, the cost of time-accurate flows in axial compressor and fan stages with spatially non-uniform inflow is still too high for design-stage use in industry. Body force modeling reduces the computation time to practical levels...

...Palak Saini; Jeffrey Defoe Body force models enable inexpensive numerical simulations of turbomachinery. The approach replaces the blades with sources of momentum/energy. Such models capture a “smeared out” version of the blades’ effect on the flow, reducing computational cost. The body force model...