Modeling perforates in mufflers using two-ports

One of the main sources of noise of a vehicle is the engine where its noise is usually damped by means of acoustic mufflers. A very common problem in the modeling of automotive mufflers is that of two flow ducts coupled through a perforate. A new segmentation approach is developed here based on two-port analysis techniques, in order to model perforated pipes using general two-port codes, which are widely available. Examples are given for simple muffler configurations and the convergence of the technique is investigated based on the number of segments used. The results are compared with closed form solutions form the literature. Finally, an analysis of a complicated multichamber perforated muffler system is presented. The two-port simulation results show good agreement with both the measurements, and the simulations using the classical four-port elements.